admiral
英 ['?dm(?)r(?)l]
美 ['?dm?r?l]
- n. 海軍上將；艦隊司令；旗艦
- n. (Admiral)人名；(法)阿德米拉爾
中文詞源
admiral 艦隊司令來自阿拉伯語emir, 酋長。后詞源俗化為admire的名詞形式。
英文詞源
- admiral
- admiral: [13] Admirals originally had nothing specifically to do with the sea. The word comes ultimately from Arabic ’amīr ‘commander’ (from which English later also acquired emir [17]). This entered into various titles followed by the particle -al- ‘of’ (’amīr-al-bahr ‘commander of the sea’, ’amīr-al-mūminīn ‘commander of the faithful’), and when it was borrowed into European languages, ’amīr-al- became misconstrued as an independent, free-standing word.
Moreover, the Romans, when they adopted it, smuggled in their own Latin prefix ad-, producing admiral. When this reached English (via Old French) it still meant simply ‘commander’, and it was not until the time of Edward III that a strong naval link began to emerge. The Arabic title ’amīr-al-bahr had had considerable linguistic influence in the wake of Arabic conquests around the Mediterranean seaboard (Spanish almirante de la mar, for instance), and specific application of the term to a naval commander spread via Spain, Italy, and France to England.
Thus in the 15th century England had its Admiral of the Sea or Admiral of the Navy, who was in charge of the national fleet. By 1500 the maritime connection was firmly established, and admiral came to be used on its own for ‘supreme naval commander’.
=> emir - admiral (n.)
- c. 1200, "Saracen commander or chieftain," from Old French amirail (12c.) "Saracen military commander; any military commander," ultimately from medieval Arabic amir "military commander," probably via Medieval Latin use of the word for "Muslim military leader." Meaning "highest-ranking naval officer" in English is from early 15c. The extension of the word's meaning from "commander on land" to "commander at sea" likely began in 12c. Sicily with Medieval Latin amiratus and then spread to the continent, but the word also continued to mean "Muslim military commander" in Europe in the Middle Ages.
The intrusive -d- probably is from influence of Latin ad-mirabilis (see admire). Italian form almiraglio, Spanish almirante are from confusion with Arabic words in al-. As a type of butterfly, from 1720, possibly a corruption of admirable.
雙語例句
- 1. He was hand-picked for this job by the Admiral.
- 他是由海軍上將精心挑選出來擔任這項工作的。
來自柯林斯例句
- 2. He had never met a real live admiral.
- 他從來沒遇到過一位真正的海軍上將。
來自柯林斯例句
- 3. He abused the Admiral in the grossest terms.
- 他用不堪入耳的話辱罵那位海軍上將。
來自柯林斯例句
- 4. The admiral visited the ships under his command.
- 艦隊司令視察了他所統率的軍艦。
來自《權威詞典》
- 5. Fleet Admiral William Hunter
- 海軍五星上將威廉?亨特
來自《權威詞典》