graft
英 [grɑ?ft]
美 [ɡr?ft]
- vi. 移植；嫁接；貪污
- vt. 移植；嫁接；貪污
- n. 移植；嫁接；瀆職
- n. （非正式）腳踏實(shí)地地埋頭苦干
助記提示
1. graphic => graft. 由于書寫用的筆的筆尖與嫁接的插條、枝條很像而引申出此含義。
2. grave "dig" => graft（辛苦工作）。
中文詞源
graft 嫁接，行賄來自PIE*gerbh, 刮，刻，切，詞源同carve,graph. 用于植物學(xué)術(shù)語嫁接，即把切下來的一種植物移植到另一種植物上。俚語義行賄，即切下留作己用。比較 bribe.
英文詞源
- graft
- graft: [15] Graft, in its original sense ‘plant part inserted into a living plant’ (the application to skin and other animal tissue is a late 19thcentury development), came from its resemblance in shape to a pencil. Greek graphíon meant ‘writing implement, stylus’ (it was a derivative of the verb gráphein ‘write’, source of English graphic). It passed via Latin graphium into Old French as grafe, gradually changing in its precise application with the advance of writing technology.
By the time it reached Old French it denoted a ‘pencil’, and it was then that the resemblance to two artificially united plant stems was noted and the metaphor born. English took the word over as graff in the late 14th century (it actually survived in that form into the 19th century), and within a hundred years had added a -t to the end to give modern English graft. Graft ‘corruption’, first recorded in mid 19th-century America, may be the same word, perhaps derived from the notion of a graft as an ‘insertion’, hence ‘something extra, on the side’. Graft ‘hard work’ [19], on the other hand, is probably a different word, perhaps based on the English dialect verb graft ‘dig’, an alteration of grave ‘dig’.
=> graphic - graft (n.1)
- "shoot inserted into another plant," late 15c. alteration of Middle English graff (late 14c.), from Old French graife "grafting knife, carving tool; stylus, pen," from Latin graphium "stylus," from Greek grapheion "stylus," from graphein "to write" (see -graphy). So called probably on resemblance of a stylus to the pencil-shaped shoots used in grafting. The terminal -t- in the English word is not explained. Surgical sense is from 1871.
- graft (n.2)
- "corruption," 1865, perhaps 1859, American English, perhaps from British slang graft "one's occupation" (1853), which is perhaps from the identical word meaning "a ditch, moat," literally "a digging" (1640s), from Middle Dutch graft, from graven "to dig" (see grave (v.)).
- graft (v.)
- late 15c., "insert a shoot from one tree into another," from graft (n.1). Figurative use by 1530s. Surgical sense by 1868. Related: Grafted; grafting.
雙語例句
- 1. I am having a skin graft on my arm soon.
- 我馬上就要接受手臂的皮膚移植手術(shù)。
來自柯林斯例句
- 2. His career has been one of hard graft.
- 他從事的職業(yè)勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度很大。
來自柯林斯例句
- 3. Their success was the result of years of hard graft .
- 他們的成功是多年艱苦奮斗的結(jié)果。
來自《權(quán)威詞典》
- 4. The Japanese tried to graft their own methods on to this different structure.
- 日本人試圖將自己的方法移植到這種不同的體制中。
來自柯林斯例句
- 5. Owing to graft, the manager of this company was discharged from his post and prosecuted.
- 由于貪污, 這個(gè)公司的經(jīng)理已被撤職查辦.
來自《現(xiàn)代漢英綜合大詞典》