scum
英 [sk?m]
美 [sk?m]
- n. 浮渣；泡沫；糟粕
- vi. 產生泡沫；被浮渣覆蓋
- vt. 將浮渣去除掉
助記提示
1. skim <====> scum.
2. sky "cover" => scum.
3. scum is etymologically a 'layer on top' of something.
4. 區別：scrum, scum: 有花兒就會為花兒而爭搶、扭打，沒花兒就是垃圾、廢物、浮渣。
中文詞源
scum 浮垢，浮渣，渣滓，敗類來自中古英語 scum,泡沫，浮渣，來自 Proto-Germanic*skumaz,覆蓋，隱藏，來自 PIE*skeu, 覆蓋，隱藏，詞源同 hide,skim.引申比喻義渣滓，敗類等。
英文詞源
- scum
- scum: [13] Scum is etymologically a ‘layer on top’ of something. The word’s modern connotations of ‘dirt’ are a secondary development. It comes ultimately from prehistoric Germanic *skūman, a derivative of the base *skū- ‘cover’, and its relatives include German schaum ‘foam’ (source of English meerschaum [18], literally ‘sea-foam’).
English scum originally meant ‘foam’ too (‘Those small white Fish to Venus consecrated, though without Venus’ aid they be created of th’ Ocean scum’, Joshua Sylvester, Divine Weeks and Works of Du Bartas 1598), the notion being of a layer of froth ‘covering’ liquid, but by the 15th century it was broadening out to any ‘film on top of liquid’, and from there it went downhill to a ‘film of dirt’ and then simply ‘dirt’.
Germanic *skūman was borrowed into Old French as escume, and this formed the basis of a verb escumer ‘remove the top layer’, from which English gets skim [15].
=> meerschaum, skim - scum (n.)
- early 14c. (implied in scummer "shallow ladle for removing scum"), from Middle Dutch schume "foam, froth," from Proto-Germanic *skuma- (cognates: Old Norse skum, Old High German scum, German Schaum "foam, froth"), perhaps from PIE root *(s)keu- "to cover, conceal" (see hide (n.1)).
Sense deteriorated from "thin layer atop liquid" to "film of dirt," then just "dirt." Meaning "lowest class of humanity" is 1580s; scum of the Earth is from 1712. Adopted in Romanic (Old French escume, Modern French écume, Spanish escuma, Italian schiuma).
雙語例句
- 1. Someone had scrawled "Scum" on his car.
- 有人在他的車上涂寫了“人渣”的字樣。
來自柯林斯例句
- 2. Skim off any scum.
- 撇凈浮沫。
來自《權威詞典》
- 3. Skim the scum off the jam and let it cool.
- 撇去果醬上的浮沫，讓它冷卻。
來自《權威詞典》
- 4. There is a ring of scum in the washbasin.
- 這個臉盆內有一圈污垢.
來自《簡明英漢詞典》
- 5. There was green scum over the pond.
- 池塘水面有綠色的浮藻.
來自《簡明英漢詞典》