spirit是什么意思

spirit

英 ['sp?r?t] 美 ['sp?r?t]

n. 精神；心靈；情緒；志氣；烈酒
vt. 鼓勵；鼓舞；誘拐

中文詞源

spirit 精神，心靈，勇氣，意志，烈酒，酒精，靈魂，小精靈，小妖精

來自古法語 espirit,精神，靈魂，精氣，來自拉丁語 spiritus,呼吸，吐氣，神靈的呼吸，來自 spirare,呼吸，來自 PIE*speis,吹，詞源同 conspire,perspire,respire.引申諸相關比喻義。比較另一個拉丁詞 anima,呼吸，生命，衍生詞 animal,animation.

英文詞源

spirit: spirit: [13] Latin spīritus originally meant ‘breath’: it was derived from the verb spīrāre ‘breathe’ (source of English aspire [15], conspire [14], expire [15], inspire [14], perspire [17], respire [14], transpire [16], etc), which probably came ultimately from the prehistoric Indo-European base *speis- or *peis-, imitative of the sound of blowing or breathing out (source also of Old Church Slavonic piskati ‘whistle’, Serbo-Croat pistati ‘hiss’, and Old Norse físa ‘fart’).

But in the Augustan period it gradually began to take over as the word for ‘soul’ from anima (source of English animal, animate, etc), which itself originally denoted ‘breath’, and in Christian Latin writings it was the standard term used.
=> aspire, conspire, expire, inspire, perspire, respire, transpire
spirit (n.): mid-13c., "animating or vital principle in man and animals," from Anglo-French spirit, Old French espirit "spirit, soul" (12c., Modern French esprit) and directly from Latin spiritus "a breathing (respiration, and of the wind), breath; breath of a god," hence "inspiration; breath of life," hence "life;" also "disposition, character; high spirit, vigor, courage; pride, arrogance," related to spirare "to breathe," from PIE *(s)peis- "to blow" (cognates: Old Church Slavonic pisto "to play on the flute").

Meaning "supernatural immaterial creature; angel, demon; an apparition, invisible corporeal being of an airy nature" is attested from mid-14c.; from late 14c. as "a ghost" (see ghost (n.)). From c. 1500 as "a nature, character"; sense of "essential principle of something" (in a non-theological context, as in Spirit of St. Louis) is attested from 1680s, common after 1800; Spirit of '76 in reference to the qualities that sparked and sustained the American Revolution is attested by 1797 in William Cobbett's "Porcupine's Gazette and Daily Advertiser."

From late 14c. in alchemy as "volatile substance; distillate;" from c. 1500 as "substance capable of uniting the fixed and the volatile elements of the philosopher's stone." Hence spirits "volatile substance;" sense narrowed to "strong alcoholic liquor" by 1670s. This also is the sense in spirit level (1768). Also from mid-14c. as "character, disposition; way of thinking and feeling, state of mind; source of a human desire;" in Middle English freedom of spirit meant "freedom of choice." From late 14c. as "divine substance, divine mind, God;" also "Christ" or His divine nature; "the Holy Ghost; divine power;" also, "extension of divine power to man; inspiration, a charismatic state; charismatic power, especially of prophecy." Also "essential nature, essential quality." From 1580s in metaphoric sense "animation, vitality."

According to Barnhart and OED, originally in English mainly from passages in Vulgate, where the Latin word translates Greek pneuma and Hebrew ruah. Distinction between "soul" and "spirit" (as "seat of emotions") became current in Christian terminology (such as Greek psykhe vs. pneuma, Latin anima vs. spiritus) but "is without significance for earlier periods" [Buck]. Latin spiritus, usually in classical Latin "breath," replaces animus in the sense "spirit" in the imperial period and appears in Christian writings as the usual equivalent of Greek pneuma. Spirit-rapping is from 1852.
spirit (v.): 1590s, "to make more active or energetic" (of blood, alcohol, etc.), from spirit (n.). The meaning "carry off or away secretly" (as though by supernatural agency) is first recorded 1660s. Related: Spirited; spiriting.

雙語例句

1. The requirement for work permits violates the spirit of the 1950 treaty.: 對工作許可證的要求違反了1950年條約的精神。

2. This adaptation perfectly captures the spirit of Kurt Vonnegut's novel.: 這次改編非常好地抓住了庫爾特·馮內古特小說的精髓。

3. Alaskan Eskimos believe that every living creature possesses a spirit.: 阿拉斯加的愛斯基摩人認為每一個活著的生物都有靈魂。

4. I like to think of myself as a free spirit.: 我愿意把自己看成是個無拘無束的人。

5. Their problem can only be solved in a spirit of compromise.: 他們的問題只能通過妥協來解決。

天天躁日日躁狠狠躁一区_国产日韩综合一区二区性色AV_国产成人精品一区二区三区_国产精品高清一区二区三区

spirit是什么意思

spirit

中文詞源

英文詞源

雙語例句

相關單詞

考試詞匯

分類詞匯

頻率詞匯

單詞首字母